Linux Journey

请帮我把「Linux Journey」的学习环境一次准备好，让我之后只需要按顺序学习和做练习。
开始前先问我：课程放在哪个目录（等我给出完整路径），确认我的操作系统和已有工具。确认前不要创建文件或安装软件。

课程入口：https://labex.io/linuxjourney
我的系统：Windows。如果实际不符，先调整方案。
本次路线：在线学习。只准备这条路线需要的工具；只读路线不安装运行环境、不配置模型密钥。
练习：每课的练习、测验和在线Linux命令操作。文件操作只在自己的练习目录中执行；涉及权限、用户、磁盘、内核、服务的练习在隔离实验环境中完成，不修改日常主机配置。
课节（官方顺序）：
1. getting-started / Linux History：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
2. getting-started / Choosing a Linux Distribution：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
3. getting-started / Debian：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
4. getting-started / Red Hat Enterprise Linux：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
5. getting-started / Ubuntu：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
6. getting-started / Fedora：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
7. getting-started / Linux Mint：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
8. getting-started / Gentoo：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
9. getting-started / Arch Linux：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
10. getting-started / openSUSE：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
11. getting-started / Linux for Cybersecurity：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/getting-started
12. command-line / The Shell：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
13. command-line / pwd (Print Working Directory)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
14. command-line / cd (Change Directory)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
15. command-line / ls (List Directories)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
16. command-line / touch：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
17. command-line / file：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
18. command-line / cat：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
19. command-line / less：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
20. command-line / history：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
21. command-line / cp (Copy)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
22. command-line / mv (Move)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
23. command-line / mkdir (Make Directory)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
24. command-line / rm (Remove)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
25. command-line / find：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
26. command-line / help：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
27. command-line / man：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
28. command-line / whatis：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
29. command-line / alias：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
30. command-line / exit：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/command-line
31. text-fu / stdout (Standard Out)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
32. text-fu / stdin (Standard In)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
33. text-fu / stderr (Standard Error)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
34. text-fu / pipe and tee：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
35. text-fu / env (Environment)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
36. text-fu / cut：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
37. text-fu / paste：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
38. text-fu / head：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
39. text-fu / tail：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
40. text-fu / expand and unexpand：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
41. text-fu / join and split：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
42. text-fu / sort：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
43. text-fu / tr (Translate)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
44. text-fu / uniq (Unique)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
45. text-fu / wc and nl：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
46. text-fu / grep：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/text-fu
47. advanced-text-fu / regex (Regular Expressions)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
48. advanced-text-fu / Text Editors：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
49. advanced-text-fu / Vim (Vi Improved)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
50. advanced-text-fu / Vim Search Patterns：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
51. advanced-text-fu / Vim Navigation：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
52. advanced-text-fu / Vim Inserting and Appending Text：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
53. advanced-text-fu / Vim Editing：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
54. advanced-text-fu / Vim Saving and Exiting：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
55. advanced-text-fu / Emacs：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
56. advanced-text-fu / Emacs Manipulate Files：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
57. advanced-text-fu / Emacs Buffer Navigation：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
58. advanced-text-fu / Emacs Editing：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
59. advanced-text-fu / Emacs Exiting and Help：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/advanced-text-fu
60. user-management / Users and Groups：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
61. user-management / root：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
62. user-management / /etc/passwd：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
63. user-management / /etc/shadow：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
64. user-management / /etc/group：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
65. user-management / User Management Tools：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/user-management
66. permissions / File Permissions：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
67. permissions / Modifying Permissions：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
68. permissions / Ownership Permissions：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
69. permissions / Umask：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
70. permissions / Setuid：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
71. permissions / Setgid：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
72. permissions / Process Permissions：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
73. permissions / The Sticky Bit：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/permissions
74. processes / ps (Processes)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
75. processes / Controlling Terminal：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
76. processes / Process Details：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
77. processes / Process Creation：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
78. processes / Process Termination：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
79. processes / Signals：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
80. processes / kill (Terminate)：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
81. processes / Niceness：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
82. processes / Process States：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
83. processes / /proc Filesystem：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
84. processes / Job Control：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/processes
85. packages / Software Distribution：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
86. packages / Package Repositories：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
87. packages / tar and gzip：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
88. packages / Package Dependencies：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
89. packages / rpm and dpkg：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
90. packages / yum and apt：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
91. packages / Compile Source Code：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/packages
92. devices / /dev directory：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
93. devices / device types：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
94. devices / Device Names：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
95. devices / sysfs：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
96. devices / udev：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
97. devices / lsusb, lspci, lsscsi：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
98. devices / dd：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/devices
99. filesystem / Filesystem Hierarchy：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
100. filesystem / Filesystem Types：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
101. filesystem / Anatomy of a Disk：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
102. filesystem / Disk Partitioning：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
103. filesystem / Creating Filesystems：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
104. filesystem / mount and umount：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
105. filesystem / /etc/fstab：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
106. filesystem / swap：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
107. filesystem / Disk Usage：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
108. filesystem / Filesystem Repair：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
109. filesystem / Inodes：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
110. filesystem / symlinks：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/filesystem
111. boot-system / Boot Process Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/boot-system
112. boot-system / Boot Process: BIOS：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/boot-system
113. boot-system / Boot Process: Bootloader：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/boot-system
114. boot-system / Boot Process: Kernel：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/boot-system
115. boot-system / Boot Process: Init：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/boot-system
116. kernel / Overview of the Kernel：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
117. kernel / Privilege Levels：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
118. kernel / System Calls：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
119. kernel / Kernel Installation：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
120. kernel / Kernel Location：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
121. kernel / Kernel Modules：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/kernel
122. init / System V Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
123. init / System V Service：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
124. init / Upstart Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
125. init / Upstart Jobs：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
126. init / Systemd Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
127. init / Systemd Goals：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
128. init / Power States：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/init
129. process-utilization / Tracking processes: top：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
130. process-utilization / lsof and fuser：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
131. process-utilization / Process Threads：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
132. process-utilization / CPU Monitoring：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
133. process-utilization / I/O Monitoring：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
134. process-utilization / Memory Monitoring：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
135. process-utilization / Continuous Monitoring：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
136. process-utilization / Cron Jobs：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/process-utilization
137. logging / System Logging：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
138. logging / syslog：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
139. logging / General Logging：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
140. logging / Kernel Logging：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
141. logging / Authentication Logging：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
142. logging / Managing Log Files：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/logging
143. network-sharing / File Sharing Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-sharing
144. network-sharing / rsync：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-sharing
145. network-sharing / Simple HTTP Server：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-sharing
146. network-sharing / NFS：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-sharing
147. network-sharing / Samba：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-sharing
148. network-basics / Network Basics：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
149. network-basics / OSI Model：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
150. network-basics / TCP/IP Model：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
151. network-basics / Network Addressing：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
152. network-basics / Application Layer：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
153. network-basics / Transport Layer：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
154. network-basics / Network Layer：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
155. network-basics / Link Layer：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
156. network-basics / DHCP Overview：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-basics
157. subnetting / IPv4：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
158. subnetting / Subnets：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
159. subnetting / Subnet Math：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
160. subnetting / Subnetting Cheats：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
161. subnetting / CIDR：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
162. subnetting / NAT：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
163. subnetting / IPv6：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/subnetting
164. routing / What is a router?：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
165. routing / Routing Table：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
166. routing / Path of a Packet：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
167. routing / Routing Protocols：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
168. routing / Distance Vector Protocols：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
169. routing / Link State Protocols：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
170. routing / Border Gateway Protocol：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/routing
171. network-config / Network Interfaces：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-config
172. network-config / route：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-config
173. network-config / dhclient：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-config
174. network-config / Network Manager：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-config
175. network-config / arp：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/network-config
176. troubleshooting / ICMP：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/troubleshooting
177. troubleshooting / ping：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/troubleshooting
178. troubleshooting / traceroute：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/troubleshooting
179. troubleshooting / netstat：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/troubleshooting
180. troubleshooting / Packet Analysis：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/troubleshooting
181. dns / What is DNS?：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns
182. dns / DNS Components：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns
183. dns / DNS Process：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns
184. dns / /etc/hosts：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns
185. dns / DNS Setup：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns
186. dns / DNS Tools：https://labex.io/linuxjourney/courses/dns

1. 环境
- 用浏览器打开官方在线终端，先确认实验环境可用；只阅读入门材料不要求登录。
- 需要保存跨设备学习进度时由学习者自行登录；高级Lab权益与资源额度以平台当前说明为准。
- 如选择本地实践，Windows用WSL2，macOS用Linux虚拟机，Linux用户在隔离练习目录操作；磁盘和内核实验使用可恢复虚拟机。
- 本次LabEx课程页面遇到403人机验证；请在正常浏览器完成官方验证，不绕过。Ubuntu基础命令已单独实跑，但不能代替LabEx在线终端验收。
- 若LabEx主站遇到人机验证，可先打开官方GitHub源仓库阅读README和lessons目录；此备用入口不包含已验证可用的LabEx在线终端。
- 安装前先列出要装的软件和命令，等我同意；已装好的直接复用。
2. 材料
- 官方Linux Journey课程与在线终端：只记录链接 https://labex.io/linuxjourney（官方宣称项目开放源代码，但LabEx新增互动内容未核实统一复制许可，因此只链接。）
- 官方GitHub阅读备用入口：只记录链接 https://github.com/labex-labs/linuxjourney（LabEx官方主页明确指向此仓库；本次匿名浏览器可读。只提供链接，未找到明确覆盖全部仓库材料的LICENSE；不推断转载修改授权。）
3. 目录（最外层放在我确认的位置）
linux-journey/
├── README.md        # 课程入口、课节清单、每次怎么开始
├── progress.md      # 每课：读讲义 / 做练习 / 记笔记
├── questions.md     # 待解决的问题
├── check-env.md     # 环境自检，按 README 操作
├── data/            # 练习用到的样例数据
└── lessons/         # 每课一个文件夹：notes.md + exercises/
    ├── 01-lesson-01/
    ├── 02-lesson-02/
    ├── 03-lesson-03/
    ├── 04-lesson-04/
    ├── 05-lesson-05/
    ├── 06-lesson-06/
    ├── 07-lesson-07/
    ├── 08-lesson-08/
    ├── 09-lesson-09/
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    ├── 11-lesson-11/
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    ├── 131-lesson-131/
    ├── 132-lesson-132/
    ├── 133-lesson-133/
    ├── 134-lesson-134/
    ├── 135-lesson-135/
    ├── 136-lesson-136/
    ├── 137-lesson-137/
    ├── 138-lesson-138/
    ├── 139-lesson-139/
    ├── 140-lesson-140/
    ├── 141-lesson-141/
    ├── 142-lesson-142/
    ├── 143-lesson-143/
    ├── 144-lesson-144/
    ├── 145-lesson-145/
    ├── 146-lesson-146/
    ├── 147-lesson-147/
    ├── 148-lesson-148/
    ├── 149-lesson-149/
    ├── 150-lesson-150/
    ├── 151-lesson-151/
    ├── 152-lesson-152/
    ├── 153-lesson-153/
    ├── 154-lesson-154/
    ├── 155-lesson-155/
    ├── 156-lesson-156/
    ├── 157-lesson-157/
    ├── 158-lesson-158/
    ├── 159-lesson-159/
    ├── 160-lesson-160/
    ├── 161-lesson-161/
    ├── 162-lesson-162/
    ├── 163-lesson-163/
    ├── 164-lesson-164/
    ├── 165-lesson-165/
    ├── 166-lesson-166/
    ├── 167-lesson-167/
    ├── 168-lesson-168/
    ├── 169-lesson-169/
    ├── 170-lesson-170/
    ├── 171-lesson-171/
    ├── 172-lesson-172/
    ├── 173-lesson-173/
    ├── 174-lesson-174/
    ├── 175-lesson-175/
    ├── 176-lesson-176/
    ├── 177-lesson-177/
    ├── 178-lesson-178/
    ├── 179-lesson-179/
    ├── 180-lesson-180/
    ├── 181-lesson-181/
    ├── 182-lesson-182/
    ├── 183-lesson-183/
    ├── 184-lesson-184/
    ├── 185-lesson-185/
    └── 186-lesson-186/
- 每课文件夹里建 notes.md（顶部写本课官方链接）和 exercises/；课节文件夹名称与上面一致。
- 已有课程目录先检查并复用；不覆盖笔记、作业或 progress.md，不重置已有进度。尚未发布的课节保留入口并注明未发布，不能代写讲义或虚构练习。
4. 自检
- 创建 check-env.md，逐项检查并记录“通过/未通过”：
- 按浏览器或在线 notebook 清单检查，不为自检安装本机终端。
  - pwd  → 在官方Linux实验终端中显示当前目录。
  - uname -s  → 在Linux实验终端中输出Linux。
- 标注为人工检查、浏览器操作或 notebook 单元的项目，按相应方式操作，不直接粘贴进 shell；脚本只包含当前系统可执行的命令。
- 仅在当前路线需要、对应材料已获准保存、工具已安装时运行该项；需要登录、付费或尚未开放的材料记为“需要我操作/未验证”，不能伪报通过。不执行会调用付费 API、提交作业或修改云服务的检查。
- 运行一次，把结果给我看；未通过的项目说明原因和修复办法。
5. 学习计划
- README.md：课程入口、课节清单（带链接）、每次学习怎么开始（使用“每课提示词”）。
- progress.md：每课三项勾选——读讲义、做练习、记笔记。
6. 最后分三部分汇报：已完成、需要我自己操作的、尚未验证的。

边界：
- 需要管理员权限、会产生费用或需要填写密钥的操作，先告诉我原因，等我同意。密钥由我在本机配置，不发到聊天，不写进笔记或版本库；原项目需要 .env 时确认已被 Git 忽略。
- 不替我写练习或作业答案，也不替我提交。我卡住时只给提示；我明确要求时才给解答。
- 只下载许可允许个人保存的材料；其余只放链接。不把未运行的命令说成成功。
如果你不能直接操作我的文件系统，请在确认目录后给出适用于我的系统、可直接执行的命令和需要保存的文件内容。